tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-77266925756818014032024-02-19T01:00:32.715-08:00HORMONAStodo sobre hormonashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07807091782248978424noreply@blogger.comBlogger5125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7726692575681801403.post-32635949883569845322011-05-24T12:18:00.001-07:002011-05-24T12:18:46.478-07:00COMO SE OBTIENEN<span xmlns=''><div><table border='0' style='border-collapse:collapse'><colgroup><col style='width:147px'/><col style='width:140px'/><col style='width:140px'/><col style='width:171px'/></colgroup><tbody valign='top'><tr><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: outset 0.75pt; border-left: outset 0.75pt; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p><strong>TIPO DE HORMONA</strong></p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: outset 0.75pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p><strong>CUERPO BLANCO</strong></p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: outset 0.75pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p><strong>QUIEN LA PRODUCE</strong></p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: outset 0.75pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p><strong>FUNCION</strong></p></td></tr><tr><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: outset 0.75pt; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Tiroxina</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>General</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>La Glándula tiroides y paratiroideas</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Se encarga de regular el metabolismo del calcio y del fosforo</p></td></tr><tr><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: outset 0.75pt; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>progesterona</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Útero, glándulas mamarias</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>En el ovario</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>regula ciclos menstruales</p></td></tr><tr><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: outset 0.75pt; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>postaglandinas</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Útero</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Vesícula seminal </p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>contracciones uterinas</p></td></tr><tr><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: outset 0.75pt; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Gonadotropina coriónica</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Gónadas</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>La placenta</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Ayuda a mantener el embarazo continuo</p></td></tr><tr><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: outset 0.75pt; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Lactógeno placentario</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>General</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>placenta</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Produce los efectos de prolactina</p></td></tr><tr><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: outset 0.75pt; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>relaxina</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Pelvis</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Ovario, placenta</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Ayuda a relajar los ligamentos pélvicos</p></td></tr><tr><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: outset 0.75pt; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>melatonina</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Gónadas</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Glándula pinial</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Inhibir la función ovárica</p></td></tr><tr><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: outset 0.75pt; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>insulina</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>General</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Células beta de Langenhans</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Aumenta el uso de glucosa, reduce el azucar de la sangre, aumenta metabolismo de la glucosa</p></td></tr><tr><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: outset 0.75pt; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>glucagon</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Hígado y tejido adiposo</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Células alfa de Langenhans</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Estimulantes de la conversión del glucógeno hepático</p></td></tr><tr><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: outset 0.75pt; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>secretina</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Páncreas</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Mucosa duodenal</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Estimulante de secresión de jugo pancreático</p></td></tr><tr><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: outset 0.75pt; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>estradiol</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>General, útero</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Células revestidoras del folículo ovárico</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Estrógeno, estimula y mantiene caracteres sexuales femeninos</p></td></tr><tr><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: outset 0.75pt; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>colecistocinina</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Hígado</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Mucosa duodenal</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>secreta la bilis por la vesícula biliar</p></td></tr><tr><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: outset 0.75pt; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>noeadrenalina</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Músculo, cardiaco, vasos sanguíneos, hígado y tejido adiposo</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Médula suprarenal</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Constriñir los vasos suprarenales</p></td></tr><tr><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: outset 0.75pt; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>cortison</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>General</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Corteza suprarenal</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>convierte las proteínas en hidratos de carbono</p></td></tr><tr><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: outset 0.75pt; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Hormona aldosterona</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>General</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Corteza suprarenal</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Regula metabolismo de sodio y potasio</p></td></tr><tr><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: outset 0.75pt; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>pancreocimina</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Hígado</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Mucosa duodenal </p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Estimula liberación </p></td></tr><tr><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: outset 0.75pt; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Hormona del crecimiento</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>General</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Hipófisis anterior</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>regula crecimiento de los huesos, modifica hidratos de carbono, proteínas</p></td></tr><tr><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: outset 0.75pt; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Tirotropina(TSH)</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Tiroides</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Hipófisis anterior</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Estimula el tiroides y la producción de tiroxina</p></td></tr><tr><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: outset 0.75pt; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Adrenocorticotropina </p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Corteza suprarenal</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Hipófisis anterior</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Produce las hormonas de la corteza suprarenal</p></td></tr><tr><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: outset 0.75pt; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Hormona luteinisante (LH)</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Gónadas</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Hipófisis anterior</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Ayuda a la producción y liberación de estrógeno</p></td></tr><tr><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: outset 0.75pt; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Prolactina (LTH)</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Glándulas mamarias</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Hipófisis anterior</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Ayuda a producir leche</p></td></tr><tr><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: outset 0.75pt; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>oxitocina</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Glándulas mamarias</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Hipotálamo(via hipófisis posterior)</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Estimula contracciones de músculos uterinos y secresión de leche</p></td></tr><tr><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: outset 0.75pt; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>sopresina</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Riñones</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Hipotálamo(hipófisis posterior)</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Ayuda a contraer músculos lisos, </p></td></tr><tr><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: outset 0.75pt; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Testosterona</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>General, en las estructuras reproductoras</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Células intersticiales del testículo</p></td><td style='padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-right: 1px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 0.75pt; border-right: outset 0.75pt' vAlign='middle'><p>Estimula a los caracteres sexuales masculinos</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></span>todo sobre hormonashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07807091782248978424noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7726692575681801403.post-78706400310474183462011-05-24T12:14:00.001-07:002011-05-24T16:28:12.706-07:00FUNCIONES QUE CONTROLAN LAS HORMONAS<span xmlns=""></span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"><strong>E</strong>ntre las funciones que controlan las hormonas se incluyen: </span><br />
<ul><li><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">Las actividades de órganos completos. </span></div></li>
<li><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">El crecimiento y desarrollo. </span></div></li>
<li><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">Reproducción </span></div></li>
<li><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">Las características sexuales. </span></div></li>
<li><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">El uso y almacenamiento de energía </span></div></li>
<li><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">Los niveles en la sangre de líquidos, sal y azúcar. </span></div></div></li>
</ul><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhY1P7HKep-GFF5NZ53D8QVErJJPLMNfqxt2WGLS9mXanqD2WwMPEbHLPUite14VYTMKWp1s7mvx9DFywhNqzM9tLLNpdXa0AW5HfwhAuOXsqzIaXp5fAb563iYX9C6wpEd9zuM1uC7Cb6M/s1600/eskema.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhY1P7HKep-GFF5NZ53D8QVErJJPLMNfqxt2WGLS9mXanqD2WwMPEbHLPUite14VYTMKWp1s7mvx9DFywhNqzM9tLLNpdXa0AW5HfwhAuOXsqzIaXp5fAb563iYX9C6wpEd9zuM1uC7Cb6M/s400/eskema.jpg" t8="true" width="400" /></a></div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">Metabolismo Hormonal<br />
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El hígado y los riñones desempeñan un papel fundamental en la depuración y excreción de estas hormonas, pero poco se sabe acerca del proceso detallado de su metabolismo. La vida media de la prolactina es de 12 minutos; la de la LH y FSH es cercana a la hora, mientras que la HCG tiene una vida media de varias horas. Si el contenido de ácido siálico es mayor, más prolongada es la supervivencia de la hormona en la circulación.<br />
<br />
Fábrica de hormonas<br />
<br />
Las encargadas de producir las hormonas son las glándulas endocrinas. Dentro de ellas, el primer lugar lo ocupa sin duda la hipófisis o glándula pituitaria, que es un pequeño órgano de secreción interna localizado en la base del cerebro, junto al hipotálamo. Tiene forma ovoide (de huevo) y mide poco más de diez milímetros. A pesar de ser tan pequeñísima, su función es fundamental para el cuerpo humano, por cuanto tiene el control de la secreción de casi todas las glándulas endocrinas.<br />
<br />
La hipófisis está formada por dos glándulas separadas, conocidas como adenohipófisis y neurohipófisis. La primera corresponde al lóbulo anterior y la segunda al lóbulo posterior. Se comunica anatómica y funcionalmente a través de la sangre con el hipotálamo, lo que articula una gran coordinación entre el sistema nervioso y el endocrino.<br />
<br />
La relación hipotálamo-hipófisis es bastante particular, puesto que, a diferencia del resto del sistema nervioso, en que las neuronas se relacionan directamente con su efector (órgano terminal que distribuye los impulsos nerviosos que recibe, activando la secreción de una glándula o contracción de un músculo), en la hipófisis las neuronas hipotalámicas no hacen contacto directo con sus efectoras. Estas últimas pasan a la sangre y alcanzan la adenohipófisis a través de una red capilar que se extiende entre el hipotálamo y la hipófisis anterior. En consecuencia, los núcleos hipotalámicos son fundamentales para el normal funcionamiento de la hipófisis.<br />
<br />
Regulación de las hormonas<br />
<br />
La regulación de hormonas en general incluye tres partes importantes: </span></div><ul><li><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">heterogeneidad de la hormona </span></div></li>
<li><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">regulación hacia arriba y hacia abajo de los receptores </span></div></li>
<li><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">regulación de la adenil-ciclasa. </span></div></li>
</ul><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: black;">Los factores de crecimiento son producidos por expresión local de genes. Operan por unión a receptores en la membrana celular. Los receptores generalmente contienen un componente intracelular con tirosina-quinasa. Otros factores actúan a través de segundos mensajeros, tales como el AMPc y el fosfoinositol.<br />
<br />
Los factores de crecimiento requieren condiciones especiales para actuar; para inducir la mitogénesis se requiere la exposición secuencial a varios de ellos, con limitantes importantes en cantidad y tiempo de exposición. Pueden actuar en forma sinérgica con hormonas; por ejemplo el IGF-I en presencia de FSH induce receptores para LH.</span></span>todo sobre hormonashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07807091782248978424noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7726692575681801403.post-41322252569280638472011-05-24T12:00:00.000-07:002011-05-24T15:14:58.843-07:00CARACTERISTICAS<div align="justify"></div><div align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong>Características<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></strong></span></span></div><ul type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong>Estructura química específica: Tienen una estructura formada por radicales que si se altera no produce el efecto deseado. </strong></span></span></div></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong>Transportadores: Son transportadas a la sangre por proteínas plasmáticas como la albumina y la globulina, se transporta inactiva como fracción de reserva y al ser liberada se activa y se vuelve funcional. </strong></span></span></div></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong>Regulan procesos orgánicos: De uno o varios tejidos disminuyendo o aumentando la realización de los procesos de acuerdo a la necesidad. </strong></span></span></div></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong>Activas en pequeñas cantidades: En la mayoría de casos solo son necesarios pico gramos de hormona para ejercer el efecto deseado. </strong></span></span></div></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong>No se producen constantemente: Depende de la necesidad del individuo.</strong></span></span></div></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong>Periodo de vida variable: Es el periodo de acción, las hormonas esteroideas tienen periodos de vida más largos que las hormonas proteicas.</strong></span></span></div></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong>Tienen receptores específicos: No actúan sobre cualquier tejido sino sobre algunos en particular.</strong></span></span></div></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong>Se inactivan una vez cumplida su función.</strong></span></span></div></li>
</ul><div align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong>Hormonas vegetales</strong></span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWsAKVT9UZvK4JR2rKQPlSA_JpXqc7wrkPEepjfUVRtKAo6onof_OJ4aSTo3yHClcA41eloN83jGxvNUXmo2rZmVv48uHP0nj7KPaGGimJkyG1Vf0ELdD_syPfHBr8Nuv_FcqltY-kXA6j/s1600/diferen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWsAKVT9UZvK4JR2rKQPlSA_JpXqc7wrkPEepjfUVRtKAo6onof_OJ4aSTo3yHClcA41eloN83jGxvNUXmo2rZmVv48uHP0nj7KPaGGimJkyG1Vf0ELdD_syPfHBr8Nuv_FcqltY-kXA6j/s400/diferen.jpg" t8="true" width="400" /></a></div></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Son</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> también llamadas fitohormonas (se le llama así ya que FITO que significa Vegetal), constituyen un grupo de sustancias orgánicas, generalmente cristalizables, y de peso molecular medio. </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Características generales</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Síntesis: Sin glándulas específicas. </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Acción: En lugar de síntesis o a distancia. </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Respuestas múltiples. </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Distintas hormonas dan a lo mejor una respuesta común. </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Mecanismo de acción</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Hormona Þ receptor específico Þ efecto</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Tipos de hormonas vegetales</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Auxinas, giberelinas (GAs), cito quininas (CK), ácido abscísico (ABA) y etileno.</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Auxinas</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Estructura básica</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Todas tienen cargas negativas (COO-) y positivas, separadas siempre por la misma distancia.</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Los distintos sustituyentes regulan la actividad de la hormona. Cl aumenta la actividad y OH la disminuye. También influye la posición, que produce activación o inactivación</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Las auxinas se pueden unir también a:</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Aminoácidos y proteínas o azúcares (activa/inactiva)</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">También importante el tipo de unión.</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Transporte</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Mientras se transporta actúa.</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Se encuentra en el floema (Nunca Xilema).</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">El transporte se produce:</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Célula a célula (en las que no tienen plasmodesmos). </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Por el floema arrastradas por el agua (flujo másico). </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">El transporte total siempre es del ápice al contrario:</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Basipétalo: (del ápice superior)</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Acropétalo: (del ápice inferior)</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">No hay transporte transversal.</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Mecanismo de acción</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Activa la bomba de protones. </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Coenzima (H-receptor): Activa una serie de enzimas al unirse al receptor </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Aumenta la síntesis de RNA. </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Síntesis de Novo de m RNA </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Efectos fisiológicos</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Elongación </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Tropismos </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">División y diferenciación celular </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Dominancia apical </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Disminuye senescencia </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Disminuye la maduración de frutos. </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Aumenta la síntesis de etileno. </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Herbicidas algunos. </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Esta hormona estimula el crecimiento de las células, el alargamiento de las células vegetales, igualmente estimula el crecimiento de frutos carnosos así como la producción de etileno bajo ciertas condiciones, entre otras. </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Giberelinas</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Este grupo de hormonas está compuesto por setenta tipos diferentes de compuestos que tienen la misma composición básica, pero diferentes en pequeñas partes de su estructura.</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Su función primordial es el crecimiento del tallo, además intervienen en la germinación </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Hormona de crecimiento.</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Son diterpenoides tetra cíclicos ácidos derivados del ent- Kaureno.</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Dos tipos:</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo20; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">De 20 carbonos </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo21; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">De 19 carbonos (más activos) </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Transporte</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Las giberelinas se encuentran en el floema (también pueden pasar al xilema). El transporte es en todas las direcciones.</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Biosíntesis de giberelinas</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">En órganos reproductores (flores, semillas inmaduras, embriones germinando)</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">En tejidos vegetativos (ápices, tallos, raíces, y hojas jóvenes)</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Papel fisiológico</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Especificidad GA Þ proceso y especie</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Aumenta crecimiento (su déficit produce plantas enanas)</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Aumenta elongación</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Rompe la dormición Þ germinación Þ papel primordial.</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Revierte plana adulta en juvenil.</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Floración</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Partenocarpia</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Baja desarrollo de fruto, y maduración.</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Vernalización</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Cito quininas</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Estas hormonas son de estructura química complicada y se producen en las raíces. Su función más importante es que impide la caída de hojas.</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Transporte de CK</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Se sintetizan en el ápice de la raíz. Se encuentran en el xilema, el floema y en las hojas. Hipótesis: Si se sintetizan en la raíz y se almacenan en las hojas, el transporte es xilema- floema.</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Catabolismo</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Eliminación del grupo del carbono 6 (por la CK oxidasa). Separa el sustituyente y la adenina y desaparece del medio.</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Tb. puede ser que desaparezca por conjugación (glucísido).</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Actividad fisiológica</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Aumentan la división y diferenciación celular. </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo23; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Rompen el letargo (dormición). </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo24; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Retardan el envejecimiento. Anti senescentes. (pueden incluso anular el efecto de las hormonas senescentes) </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo25; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Mantiene el suministro de metabolismo a hojas. </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo26; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Mantienen la síntesis de proteínas. </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo27; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Floración y diferenciación de la flor. </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Ácido Abscísico (ABA)</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Características esenciales para la actividad</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo28; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Presencia de un grupo ácido, alcohol terciario y un anillo con un doble enlace. </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo29; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Reconocimiento por el receptor. </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo30; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Son imprescindibles. </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Biosíntesis</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">En todos los órganos.</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Acetil CoA Þ GGPP Þ Phytoeno Þ Licopeno Þ Carotenos Þ Xantofilas</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Transporte ABA</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo31; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Se sintetiza en toda la planta </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo32; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Se puede transportar </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Célula a célula </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo34; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">por el floema </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Respuestas fisiológicas</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Menor crecimiento (con excepciones) y elongación </span></strong></span></span></div><div align="justify"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Mayor abscisión </span></strong></span></span></div><div align="justify"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Mayor envejecimiento </span></strong></span></span></div><div align="justify"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Respuesta gravitrópica </span></strong></span></span></div><div align="justify"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Mayor dormición = menor germinación </span></strong></span></span></div><div align="justify"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Anula el efecto de las giberelinas. </span></strong></span></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Etileno</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Transporte</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong>Normalmente no se transporta (alguna vez célula a célula) a largas distancias. Donde se sintetiza se usa. Se transportan sus precursores.</strong></span></span></div><div align="justify"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong>Hormonas animales</strong></span></span></div><div align="justify"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong>En los animales, las hormonas son segregadas por glándulas endocrinas, carentes de conductos, directamente al torrente sanguíneo. <br />
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Los órganos principales implicados en la producción de hormonas son el hipotálamo, la hipófisis, la tiroides, la glándula suprarrenal, el páncreas, la paratiroides, las gónadas, o glándulas reproductoras, la placenta y, en ciertos casos, la mucosa del intestino delgado.<br />
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La hipófisis controla el crecimiento del esqueleto; regula la función de la tiroides; afecta a la acción de las gónadas (aparato sexual) y de las glándulas suprarrenales; produce sustancias que interaccionan con otras que son segregadas por el páncreas, y puede influir sobre la paratiroides.<br />
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También segrega una hormona llamada prolactina, excepto cuando está inhibida por la progesterona, que es segregada por la placenta; la prolactina estimula la formación de leche en las glándulas mamarias maduras de las vacas y otros mamíferos. También segrega la hormona melanotropa, que estimula a los melanocitos o células productoras de pigmentos.<br />
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Existen otras hormonas de la hipófisis que incrementan la presión sanguínea, evitan que se produzca una secreción excesiva de orina (hormona antidiurética), y estimulan la contracción del músculo uterino (oxitócina). Algunas de las hormonas hipofisarias tienen un efecto opuesto al de otras hormonas, como, por ejemplo, el efecto diabetogénico que inhibe la síntesis de insulina.<br />
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La hormona producida en la tiroides estimula el metabolismo general; también incrementa la sensibilidad de varios órganos, en especial el sistema nervioso central, y tiene un efecto marcado sobre el desarrollo, es decir, en la evolución desde la forma infantil hasta la forma adulta. La secreción de la hormona tiroidea está controlada sobre todo por la hipófisis, pero también se ve afectada por las hormonas producidas por el ovario y, a su vez, afecta al desarrollo y a la función de los ovarios.</strong></span></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><strong></strong></span></div>todo sobre hormonashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07807091782248978424noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7726692575681801403.post-87999271887275257322011-05-24T11:55:00.000-07:002011-05-24T16:30:43.955-07:00CLASIFICACION DE HORMONAS<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN2pFkU6PpeFJ8dZf51xU7TGGLxYMPOmzA6_uS_XHljG7d5ja2jvt5x1zH7RAvKEptiYElf0cNy0juPh8HZzBm7QOywSqoRH-ZW3HMdSs2GzGhaQvpyvG-SxelHql5LeI_exoW4La0y-R3/s1600/clas.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN2pFkU6PpeFJ8dZf51xU7TGGLxYMPOmzA6_uS_XHljG7d5ja2jvt5x1zH7RAvKEptiYElf0cNy0juPh8HZzBm7QOywSqoRH-ZW3HMdSs2GzGhaQvpyvG-SxelHql5LeI_exoW4La0y-R3/s320/clas.gif" t8="true" width="320" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">Clasificación</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;">Peptídicas</span></div><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: ES;">Las <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">hormonas peptídicas</span> son una clase de </span><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9ptido" title="Péptido"><span lang="ES" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: ES; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">péptidos</span></a><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: ES;"> que son secretados en el torrente circulatorio y tienen una función endocrina en el animal vivo. También encontramos "hormonas proteicas", que desempeñan también una función endocrina.</span><br />
<div style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">· </span></span>Hipotalámicas <span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">· </span></span>Adenohipofisarias <span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">· </span></span>pancreáticas <span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">· </span></span>Calcitonina <span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">· </span></span>PTH <span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">· </span></span>Plasmáticas <span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;">Hormonas derivadas de aminoácidos</span></div><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: ES;">Desde el punto de vista químico, son las más simples, se les suele llamar <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">aminas</span>. Un ejemplo de estas hormonas son las producidas por la glándula tiroides, que se sintetiza a partir de aminoácidos tirosina.</span><br />
<ul type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;">Adrenalina </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;">Noradrenalina </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;">T4 </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;">T3 </span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;">Hormonas esteroideas</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Estas se derivan de un tipo de lípido llamado <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">colesterol.</span></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;"></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;">Hormonas sexuales</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 72pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">· </span></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;">estrógenos </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 72pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">· </span></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;">andrógenos </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 72pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">· </span></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;">progesterona </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;">Corticosteroides adrenales</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 72pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">· </span></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;">glucocorticoides </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 72pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES-MX; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;">mineralocorticoides</span></div>todo sobre hormonashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07807091782248978424noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7726692575681801403.post-51087822573702149572011-05-23T14:28:00.000-07:002011-05-24T16:30:00.594-07:00SINTETIZACION HORMONAL<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana", "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;">Se sintetizan en células especializadas, que con frecuencia se organizan en estructuras llamadas glándulas endocrinas, que vierten su producto al torrente circulatorio. Hay muchas hormonas que se sintetizan en células especializadas, pero no están agrupadas en estructuras determinadas: la insulina (células beta de los Islotes L del pancreas) y el glucagón (células alfa de los islotes L del pancreas). El pancreas no es glándula endocrina sino exocrina por su papel en la digestión.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana", "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;">Una vez sintetizada y transportada por el torrente sanguíneo, la hormona es detectada por células que presentan receptores específicos para esa hormona, son receptores de naturaleza proteica, situados en el exterior o interior de la membrana plasmática. Tras la interacción hormona receptor se pone en marcha un mecanismo de transmisión de información que va a manifestarse en la modificación de determinadas acciones fisiológicas o metabólicas.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana", "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;">La intensidad de la acción de una hormona depende de varios factores:</span></div><ul type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana", "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;">velocidad de síntesis </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana", "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;">velocidad de segregación </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana", "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;">velocidad de degradación en el interior de las células que la producen </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana", "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;">transporte </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana", "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;">disponibilidad de receptores en las células tanto, cualitativamente, cuantitativamente como a nivel de sensibilidad </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana", "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;">vida media de la hormona, tiempo que permanece sin degradarse fuera de las células que la sintetizan </span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana", "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;">El sistema nervioso central transmite la información que recibe, bien externa o interna hasta el hipotálamo, sintetizando este dos péptidos hormonales: oxitocina y vasopresina; estas se asocian no mediante enlaces covalente, con otras proteínas pero mantienen su estabilidad, son las neurofisinas. El complejo péptido neurofisina es transportado por vía axonal hasta la neuro hipófisis, desde donde se transportan vía sanguínea a los tejidos "blanco". </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7wwWsyzI285f-naE53SNxpkHUZV4q5ctzk-wenMwcfCDkVb2sFBthbTkP4XEPpbu8_N9uBF1Mj-35J-cQ47M3psBGt2xHp4QZ0HCTqVRz4UZIT3sToOaKXmDdxcjKq6lnSplLMa09hpdd/s1600/sinte.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7wwWsyzI285f-naE53SNxpkHUZV4q5ctzk-wenMwcfCDkVb2sFBthbTkP4XEPpbu8_N9uBF1Mj-35J-cQ47M3psBGt2xHp4QZ0HCTqVRz4UZIT3sToOaKXmDdxcjKq6lnSplLMa09hpdd/s320/sinte.gif" t8="true" width="320" /></a></div>todo sobre hormonashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07807091782248978424noreply@blogger.com0